RMAN Backup - Incremental BackupsRMAN incremental backups back up only datafile blocks that have changed since a specified previous backup. You can make incremental backups of databases, individual tablespaces or datafiles. The goal of an incremental backup is to back up only those data blocks that have changed since a previous backup There are two types of incremental level 1 (L1) backup
1. Differential Incremental Backup A differential incremental backup, which backs up all blocks changed after the most recent incremental backup at level 1 or 0. In case no level 1 (L1) backup is available then RMAN copies all changed blocks since the last level 0 (L0) backup, refers to the below illustration for more clarification on differential incremental backups and differential incremental backup is the default for Incremental backup  STEP 1 : Start the database [oracle@tesdb ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=tesdb [oracle@tesdb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Oct 27 18:46:05 2023 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1157627168 bytes Fixed Size 8895776 bytes Variable Size 301989888 bytes Database Buffers 838860800 bytes Redo Buffers 7880704 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> select open_mode,name,dbid from v$database; OPEN_MODE NAME DBID -------------------- --------- ---------- READ WRITE TESDB 1904378609 STEP 2 : Start the RMAN to take backup along with archive log [oracle@tesdb ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=tesdb [oracle@tesdb ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Oct 27 18:46:54 2023 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: TESDB (DBID=1904378609) RMAN> backup database plus archivelog; Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 current log archived using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=271 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=1 STAMP=1151347576 input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=2 STAMP=1151347688 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184808_lmqg4jkx_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T184808 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20231027T184809_lmqg4kx2_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T184809 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=3 STAMP=1151347704 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184825_lmqg511d_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T184825 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/autobackup/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_s_1151347706_lmqg5291_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 RMAN> STEP 3 : TERMINAL 3: Check foe the backup info we have 1.5gb of data backup [oracle@tesdb ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ [oracle@tesdb 2023_10_27]$ ll -lhrt total 1.6G -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 126M Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184808_lmqg4jkx_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5G Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20231027T184809_lmqg4kx2_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 12K Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184825_lmqg511d_.bkp RMAN> list backup summary; List of Backups =============== Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag ------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- --- 1 B A A DISK 27-OCT-23 1 1 NO TAG20231027T184808 2 B F A DISK 27-OCT-23 1 1 NO TAG20231027T184809 3 B A A DISK 27-OCT-23 1 1 NO TAG20231027T184825 4 B F A DISK 27-OCT-23 1 1 NO TAG20231027T184826 RMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 1 125.61M DISK 00:00:01 27-OCT-23 BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20231027T184808 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/ 2023_10_27/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184808_lmqg4jkx_.bkp List of Archived Logs in backup set 1 Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- 1 5 2023053 20-OCT-23 2133656 27-OCT-23 1 6 2133656 27-OCT-23 2134645 27-OCT-23 BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 2 Full 1.46G DISK 00:00:12 27-OCT-23 BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20231027T184809 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/ 2023_10_27/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20231027T184809_lmqg4kx2_.bkp List of Datafiles in backup set 2 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ---- 1 Full 2134664 27-OCT-23 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/system01.dbf 3 Full 2134664 27-OCT-23 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/sysaux01.dbf 4 Full 2134664 27-OCT-23 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/undotbs01.dbf 7 Full 2134664 27-OCT-23 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/users01.dbf BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 3 11.50K DISK 00:00:00 27-OCT-23 BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20231027T184825 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/ 2023_10_27/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184825_lmqg511d_.bkp List of Archived Logs in backup set 3 Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- 1 7 2134645 27-OCT-23 2134677 27-OCT-23 BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 4 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 27-OCT-23 BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20231027T184826 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/autobackup/ 2023_10_27/o1_mf_s_1151347706_lmqg5291_.bkp SPFILE Included: Modification time: 27-OCT-23 SPFILE db_unique_name: TESDB Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2134690 Ckp time: 27-OCT-23 STEP 4 : Taking incremental backup level 0 with archive log (full database backup) RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database plus archivelog; RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database plus archivelog; Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=1 STAMP=1151347576 input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=2 STAMP=1151347688 input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=3 STAMP=1151347704 input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=4 STAMP=1151348089 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185449_lmqgk1oo_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T185449 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20231027T185450_lmqgk2vl_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T185450 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:16 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=5 STAMP=1151348107 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185507_lmqgkn11_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T185507 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/autobackup/ 2023_10_27/o1_mf_s_1151348109_lmqgkqsv_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 RMAN> Step 5: Go to step 3 : TERMINAL 3: check the difference [oracle@tesdb 2023_10_27]$ ll -lhrt total 3.2G -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 126M Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184808_lmqg4jkx_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5G Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20231027T184809_lmqg4kx2_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 12K Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184825_lmqg511d_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 126M Oct 27 18:54 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185449_lmqgk1oo_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5G Oct 27 18:55 o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20231027T185450_lmqgk2vl_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 4.5K Oct 27 18:55 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185507_lmqgkn11_.bkp [oracle@tesdb 2023_10_27]$ Step 6 : go to step 3 : we can insert few records to check the difference at incremental level 1 backup
SQL> create table tesdb_sample(id char(2000),name char(2000));
Table created.
SQL> begin
for i in 1..1000 loop
insert into tesdb_sample values('aa','bb');
end loop;
end;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select count(*) from tesdb_sample;
COUNT(*)
----------
1000
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_name='TESDB_SAMPLE';
BYTES/1024/1024
---------------
8
SQL> insert into tesdb_sample select * from tesdb_sample;
1000 rows created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_name='TESDB_SAMPLE';
BYTES/1024/1024
---------------
16
SQL>
Step 7 : Take incremental level1 backup with archive logs RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database plus archivelog; Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=1 STAMP=1151347576 input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=2 STAMP=1151347688 input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=3 STAMP=1151347704 input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=4 STAMP=1151348089 input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=5 STAMP=1151348107 input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=6 STAMP=1151348524 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190204_lmqgynl2_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T190204 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20231027T190205_lmqgyoz0_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T190205 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=7 STAMP=1151348532 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190213_lmqgyx1h_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T190213 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/autobackup/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_s_1151348534_lmqgyy7h_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 RMAN> Step 8 : Check backup details for size difference [oracle@tesdb 2023_10_27]$ ll -lhrt total 3.4G -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 126M Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184808_lmqg4jkx_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5G Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20231027T184809_lmqg4kx2_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 12K Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184825_lmqg511d_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 126M Oct 27 18:54 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185449_lmqgk1oo_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5G Oct 27 18:55 o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20231027T185450_lmqgk2vl_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 4.5K Oct 27 18:55 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185507_lmqgkn11_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 143M Oct 27 19:02 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190204_lmqgynl2_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 32M Oct 27 19:02 o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20231027T190205_lmqgyoz0_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 48K Oct 27 19:02 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190213_lmqgyx1h_.bkp [oracle@tesdb 2023_10_27]$ Step 9 : Insert data SQL> insert into tesdb_sample select * from tesdb_sample; 4000 rows created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> insert into tesdb_sample select * from tesdb_sample; c 8000 rows created. SQL>commit; Commit complete. SQL> insert into tesdb_sample select * from tesdb_sample; 16000 rows created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. Step 10 : Find size SQL> select bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_name='TESDB_SAMPLE'; BYTES/1024/1024 --------------- 256 Step 11 : Take incremental level1 backup RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database plus archivelog; Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=1 STAMP=1151347576 input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=2 STAMP=1151347688 input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=3 STAMP=1151347704 input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=4 STAMP=1151348089 input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=5 STAMP=1151348107 input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=6 STAMP=1151348524 input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=7 STAMP=1151348532 input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=8 STAMP=1151348796 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190636_lmqh74xg_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T190636 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20231027T190640_lmqh79jb_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T190640 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=9 STAMP=1151348815 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190655_lmqh7qkm_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T190655 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/autobackup/ 2023_10_27/o1_mf_s_1151348816_lmqh7rrp_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 RMAN> Step 12 : Insert data [oracle@tesdb 2023_10_27]$ ll -lhrt total 3.9G -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 126M Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184808_lmqg4jkx_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5G Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20231027T184809_lmqg4kx2_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 12K Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184825_lmqg511d_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 126M Oct 27 18:54 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185449_lmqgk1oo_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5G Oct 27 18:55 o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20231027T185450_lmqgk2vl_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 4.5K Oct 27 18:55 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185507_lmqgkn11_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 143M Oct 27 19:02 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190204_lmqgynl2_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 32M Oct 27 19:02 o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20231027T190205_lmqgyoz0_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 48K Oct 27 19:02 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190213_lmqgyx1h_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 279M Oct 27 19:06 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190636_lmqh74xg_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 237M Oct 27 19:06 o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20231027T190640_lmqh79jb_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 621K Oct 27 19:06 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190655_lmqh7qkm_.bkp SQL> insert into tesdb_sample select * from tesdb_sample; 32000 rows created. SQL> insert into tesdb_sample select * from tesdb_sample; 64000 rows created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_name='TESDB_SAMPLE'; BYTES/1024/1024 --------------- 1008 2. Cumulative Incremental Backup A Cumulative Incremental backup, which backs up all changed blocks after the most recent incremental backup at level 0. Cumulative incremental is more efficient in terms of restore where ti?s require only one incremental backup from any particular level so it reduces the workload. Compare to differential backups require more space for Cumulative incremental backups since it requires to backup duplicate blocks from previous backups at the same level, refers to the below illustration for more clarification on cumulative incremental backups. RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE database; Starting backup at 27-OCT-23 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TESDB/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/backupset/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20231027T191557_lmqhrpkt_.bkp tag=TAG20231027T191557 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 Finished backup at 27-OCT-23 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TESDB/autobackup/2023_10_27/ o1_mf_s_1151349372_lmqhs51v_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-OCT-23 RMAN> Check size of backup [oracle@tesdb 2023_10_27]$ ll -lhrt total 4.9G -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 126M Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184808_lmqg4jkx_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5G Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20231027T184809_lmqg4kx2_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 12K Oct 27 18:48 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T184825_lmqg511d_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 126M Oct 27 18:54 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185449_lmqgk1oo_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5G Oct 27 18:55 o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20231027T185450_lmqgk2vl_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 4.5K Oct 27 18:55 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T185507_lmqgkn11_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 143M Oct 27 19:02 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190204_lmqgynl2_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 32M Oct 27 19:02 o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20231027T190205_lmqgyoz0_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 48K Oct 27 19:02 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190213_lmqgyx1h_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 279M Oct 27 19:06 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190636_lmqh74xg_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 237M Oct 27 19:06 o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20231027T190640_lmqh79jb_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 621K Oct 27 19:06 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20231027T190655_lmqh7qkm_.bkp -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.1G Oct 27 19:16 o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20231027T191557_lmqhrpkt_.bkp [oracle@tesdb 2023_10_27]$ « Previous Next Topic » (RMAN Backup - improving performance) |